History of Odisha
Ancient History
Odisha, historically known as Kalinga, has a rich history dating back to the 3rd century BCE. The region was the site of the famous Kalinga War (261 BCE) fought by Emperor Ashoka, which led to his embrace of Buddhism and non-violence.
Medieval Period
The region saw the rise of powerful dynasties including the Bhaumakara, Somavamshi, and Eastern Ganga dynasties. The Eastern Gangas (11th-15th century) built the iconic Jagannath Temple at Puri and the Sun Temple at Konark, both UNESCO considerations.
Colonial Era
Under British rule, Odisha was divided between Bengal and Madras Presidencies. The formation of a separate Odisha Province on April 1, 1936, is celebrated as Utkal Divas (Odisha Day).
Post-Independence
After independence in 1947, Odisha became a state of the Indian Union. The state was officially renamed from "Orissa" to "Odisha" in 2011 through a constitutional amendment.
Key Milestones
- 261 BCE: Kalinga War - Ashoka conquers Kalinga
- 1568: Fall of the Gajapati Kingdom to Mughal forces
- 1803: British East India Company takes control
- 1936: Formation of separate Odisha Province (April 1)
- 1947: Independence - Odisha becomes a state
- 2011: Renamed from Orissa to Odisha
References
Archaeological Survey of India; History of Odisha by R.D. Banerji; Government of Odisha Official Records